Chronic disease is characterized by extended disease course, high prevalence, and significant morbidity and mortality, with heavy disease burden and complex situation of prevention and treatment. The management strategy of chronic diseases has risen to a national level. Based on artificial intelligence and mega data, health portrait technology has been gradually applied to various fields of medicine and health care in recent years, which has become a key issue for further development of the mobile health management field. The current study summarized the concepts, types, carving procedures, and the application of health portrait technology in the aspects of accurate disease risk prediction, intelligent information recommendation, digitized medication managemen, and digital medical services of chronic diseases. The aim of this study is to provide new ideas and a theoretical basis for the practice of chronic disease health management.