Based on the data of China's Health and elderly Care Follow-up Survey in 2020, this paper uses the Anderson health behavior model for reference, and adopts Chi-square test, Logistic regression and correlation analysis to study the influencing factors of the utilization of hospitalization services among middle-aged and elderly residents in China. Out of 14,491 residents, 2,285 (15.8%) used inpatient services in the past year. Gender, age, marital status and other variables had significant differences in the utilization of hospitalization services in middle-aged and elderly residents (P<0.05). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, age, smoking, drinking, self-rated health status, chronic disease and activity of daily living (ADL) were the influencing factors of in-patient service utilization of middle-aged and elderly residents (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that gender, smoking and drinking were correlated with inpatient service utilization (P<0.05). In general, we should focus on the groups over 60 years old, male, smoking, drinking, poor self-rated health, high number of chronic diseases and ADL impairment, accurately grasp the actual needs of this group, and provide safe, effective, reliable and high-quality medical and health services.