Abstract: This study took the rural elderly in Hefei city as the research object, describes the fall status of the rural elderly and analyzes the influencing factors of falls, and provides a reference for the prevention of falls in the elderly. This study adopts multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method from July 2023 to August 2023,and select 950 rural elderly aged 60 and above in the rural areas of Hefei City to conduct a questionnaire survey, which included the general demographic information, behavior, living environment, frailty, etc., and the occurrence of falls, including the types, time, place and reasons of falls. The incidence of falls in the past year was 26.84% in the rural elderly in Hefei city. Most of the elderly fell outdoors (70.20%), most of them in the morning (53.72%). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that women (OR=1.43, 95%CI: 1.04 ~ 1.96), non-living alone (OR=1.52, 95%CI: 1.03 ~ 2.24), depressive symptoms (OR=1.94, 95%CI: 1.41 ~ 2.68), week (OR=3.69, 95%CI: 2.23 ~ 6.12), stroke (OR=1.51, 95%CI: 1.05 ~ 2.16) had a high risk of falling; People aged 80 years and older (OR=0.59, 95%CI: 0.37 to 0.95) had a lower risk of falling. On the whole, the fall rate of the elderly in the rural areas of Hefei city is high, and the fall of the elderly is affected by many factors. The key groups should be female, non-living alone, depressive symptoms, weak, suffering from stroke, and the elderly aged 60-69 years old. Specific analysis should be made when taking targeted measures to prevent falls, and multiple measures should be taken to truly reduce the fall risk. Improve the quality of life and happiness of rural elderly people in their later years.