Fertility stress is the underlying hindrance for childbearing women to have another child, but the concept and extension of "fertility stress of childbearing women for another child" have not yet been fully formed. Seven databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese BioMedicine Literature Database and Wanfang) were searched from inception to October 2023 for studies focused on fertility stress. Rodgers' evolutionary concept analysis was used. A total of 34 studies were included. Academic literature review found that the attributes identified were (1) based on fertility policy support perspective, (2) for women of childbearing age who have given birth, (3) originating when a woman intends to have another child, and (4) the stress are numerous and interact. Antecedents were categorized into macro-level and micro-level antecedents. Consequences focused on fertility anxiety, fertility intention, and fertility behavior among childbearing women. It is recommended that researchers combine the concept and connotation of fertility stress of childbearing women for another child to further conduct comprehensive and in-depth research on the level, formation, and regulation of stress.