This paper uses TOPSIS entropy method, coupling coordination degree model and barrier degree model to analyze the comprehensive score of the development of the medical and health system in the Yangtze River Delta region of China, the coordination level of public health and medical service system in the system and the possible obstacles. The results showed that the development level of the health system and the coupling coordination degree between internal systems in the Yangtze River Delta region showed an increasing trend from 2010 to 2022, and the gap between the three provinces and one city was obvious. The comprehensive score and coupling coordination degree from high to low were Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, and Shanghai. The lack of high-quality health resources, insufficient government health expenditures, lack of high-quality health personnel, and poor grassroots health construction are the main obstacles to the development of the medical and health system and its internal systems. According to different research results, corresponding policy recommendations were put forward to provide reference for promoting the high-quality and coordinated development of the medical and health system in the Yangtze River Delta region.