China has made many achievements in the field of infectious disease prevention and control, and its ability to deal with large-scale outbreaks of infectious diseases has been significantly improved. Since the reform and opening up, the prevention and control of infectious diseases has gone through three stages: the period of recovery and development (1978-2002), the period of change and improvement (2003-2015), and the period of transformation and scientificization (2016-present). However, problems such as the continuous emergence of new infectious diseases, the uneven distribution of medical resources between regions, and the increase in the types of vectors still exist, which reveals that China's infectious disease prevention and control policy is still insufficient. Using the multi-source theory for analysis, it is found that problems such as changes in the macro-field, the increase in types of infectious diseases and the lag in infectious disease prevention and control measures constitute the source of problems. Experts and scholars make suggestions, the medical system actively participate in the prevention and control of infectious diseases, and social forces call for policy updates constitute the source of policies, and the Party's ruling philosophy changes The dual effect of chemicalization and the expression of national emotions constitutes a political source and promotes changes in relevant laws and policies in the field of infectious disease prevention and control.