Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) medical institutions are the main providers of TCM services in China, and their service efficiency will directly affect the overall quality of TCM services in China. This study adopts the non-expected output SBM model to measure the service efficiency of TCM medical institutions in 30 provinces in China from 2012 to 2021, and on this basis, explores its regional differences, dynamic evolution and convergence characteristics using Dagum's Gini coefficient, kernel density estimation method and β-convergence model. The study shows that from 2012 to 2021, the service efficiency of China's traditional Chinese medicine medical institutions as a whole is maintained at about 0.96, and the average efficiency in the eastern, central, western and northeastern regions is 1.1, 0.9, 0.94 and 0.66, respectively; the Dagum Gini coefficient decreases from 0.221 to 0.14 from 2012 to 2021, with the largest regional differences. Source from inter-regional differences to hypervariable density; 2012-2021, the eastern, central and western regions within the Chinese medicine category of medical institutions service efficiency differences continue to weaken, multipolar trend gradually weakened, service efficiency differences within the Northeast region has been enhanced; China's regions are absolute β convergence and conditional β convergence trend, but also there is a significant regional heterogeneity.