From the 1950s to the 1970s, schistosomiasis seriously threatened the health of the people, social stability and economic development in Jiangsu region. To deal with schistosomiasis and treat the public, Jiangsu Province has selected chemical drugs such as potassium antimony tartrate and antimony-273, and supplemented them with traditional Chinese medicine methods for treatment. Through this combined drug use model of traditional Chinese and Western medicine, Jiangsu's schistosomiasis prevention cause has achieved remarkable results and accumulated valuable experience. This practice highlights the significance of the scientific coordination of Chinese and Western medicines under the leadership of the Party and promotes the modernization transformation of traditional Chinese medicine. Through drug innovation and iteration, the epidemic and disease conditions in Jiangsu have been effectively controlled. This provides a practical blueprint for the construction of the public health response system and the major epidemic prevention and control treatment system in New China, and also offers historical references and practical inspirations for responding to public health events and preventing and controlling major infectious diseases in the new era.