Based on database of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2011,2013,2015,2018 and 2020, using "married" and "widowed" as classification markers, the multi-state life table method was employed to calculate the disability-free life expectancy, depression-free life expectancy, and disability-and depression-free life expectancy of the elderly aged 60 to 90 from the dimensions of physical, mental, and comprehensive health. Results show that: (1) Compared with the married elderly, widowed elderly have lower life expectancy, health life expectancy, and life quality index, but a higher proportion of disability-free life expectancy in the remaining life expectancy. (2) Elderly women have longer life expectancy and disability-free life expectancy, but the depression-free life expectancy of young elderly women is shorter than that of men of the same age, and the proportion of health life expectancy in the remaining life expectancy of elderly men is higher under the three standards. (3) Widowing reduces the health life expectancy of men more and at a faster rate than that of women, and widowing has a greater impact on the physical and mental health of men, and the gender difference in health life expectancy of widowed elderly is greater than that of married elderly. This study reveals the health differences between married and widowed elderly, and broadens the research achievements on the impact of widowhood on healthy life expectancy among the Chinese elderly population.