In the medical decision-making system, the patient is the preferred subject to exercise the right to informed consent. However, in special circumstances such as the patient's lack of consent ability, implementation of protective medical care, or clear authorization, close relatives may exercise the right to informed consent on behalf of the patient in accordance with the law. The exercise of the right to informed consent by close relatives faces three practical difficulties: firstly, the current laws do not clearly define the scope of close relatives and lack provisions on the order of agency; Secondly, there may be disagreements between close relatives and patients regarding the best interests of the patient; Thirdly, there is a lack of effective remedies for close relatives to abuse their right to informed consent through proxy. To establish a scientifically reasonable agency decision-making mechanism, the decision-making principle centered on the "best interests of the patient" should be established; Further clarify the scope and proxy order of the patient's close relatives; Establish a resolution mechanism for conflicts of opinion among close relatives of patients; Establish relief procedures for close relatives who abuse their proxy informed consent rights.