Promoting the coordinated development of pension resource allocation and regional economy is an important path to achieve Chinese-style modernization and balanced regional development. This study evaluates the spatial and temporal evolution of the coupling and coordination degree of pension resource allocation and regional economy in the western region by using the coupling coordination model on the basis of constructing the evaluation indexes of pension resource allocation and regional economy. On this basis, the obstacle factors that exist between pension resource allocation and regional economic development are explored through the obstacle degree model. The results show that from 2014 to 2022, the level of economic development in the western region is better than the level of pension resource allocation; the mean values of the coupling coordination degree of the two systems are 0.478, 0.513, 0.539 , 0.570, 0.602, 0.630, 0.635, 0.654, and 0.667, respectively; the coupling coordination degree in the spatio-temporal evolution of the two systems grows gradually slowly, decreasing from the southwest to the northwest, and the level of coupling coordination in the southwest and northwest increases steadily, without presenting the spatial pattern of multi-center synergistic development. Therefore, according to the results of the study, corresponding policy recommendations are put forward to provide reference for promoting the high-quality coordinated development of pension resource allocation and regional economy in the western region.