The important work of the young Engels, "The Condition of the Working Class in England", is not only a classic Marxist document of social investigation, but also contains rich public health ideas. The public health ideas in "The Condition" can be roughly divided into three parts: urban public environmental hygiene, physical diseases and mental health of the working class, etc. The reasons for its formation include: the urban expansion caused by the logic of capital, the extremely deteriorated living environment and working space of the urban working class, the bad living habits of some workers, the lack of good education, and the moral problems of the Irish and their influence. Its contemporary value lies in reminding us that in the process of Chinese-style modernization, we need to pay attention to public health issues in urban governance. Urban development should always adhere to the people-centered approach. In the process of urban economic development, we should always adhere to the dominant position of public ownership and the basic economic system of the long-term common development of public ownership as the mainstay and multiple forms of ownership. Pay attention to the housing problem in cities. Attach importance to the construction of urban ecological civilization. Pay attention to the construction of urban public health infrastructure. Focus on prevention and cultivate people's health awareness.