人造生命技术对自然生命概念的本体论冲击与伦理重构
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苏州大学马克思主义学院

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The Ontological Impact of Artificial Life Technologies on the Concept of Natural Life and Ethical Reconstruction
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    摘要:

    人造生命技术使人类从被动观察生命转向主动创造生命,这一变化颠覆了传统生命定义与伦理学根基。生命存在论基础发生技术性革新,偶然性与必然性辩证关系也被重塑,继而引发生命商品化及后人类主义伦理责任转向等问题,导致自然性原则面临本体论危机。技术哲学为审视这一伦理困境提供视角,技术与伦理呈辩证逻辑关系,存在速度差、范式冲突和权力悖论等张力。对此,提出重构未来人造生命技术伦理进路,包括完善伦理责任分配,明确科学家、政策制定者和公众的责任;实现伦理框架范式转型,建立跨学科研究平台和多元伦理审查机制;构建全球伦理共识框架,以应对人造生命技术带来的多重挑战。

    Abstract:

    Artificial life technology has enabled humanity to transition from passive observation of life to active creation of life, a shift that has overturned traditional definitions of life and the foundations of ethics. The ontological foundations of life undergo technological innovation, reshaping the dialectical relationship between contingency and necessity. This triggers issues such as the commodification of life and the shift in ethical responsibility toward posthumanism, plunging the principle of naturalness into an ontological crisis. Technological philosophy offers a lens to examine this ethical dilemma, revealing a dialectical relationship between technology and ethics marked by tensions including speed differentials, paradigm conflicts, and power paradoxes. In response, this paper proposes reconstructing the ethical approach to future artificial life technologies. This includes refining the distribution of ethical responsibilities by clarifying the duties of scientists, policymakers, and the public; achieving a paradigm shift in ethical frameworks by establishing interdisciplinary research platforms and multi-stakeholder ethical review mechanisms; and constructing a global ethical consensus framework to address the multifaceted challenges posed by artificial life technologies.

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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-29
  • 最后修改日期:2025-08-29
  • 录用日期:2025-09-01
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