This paper analyzes the operational efficiency of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) institutions in China over the past decade, examines its changing trends, and provides references for giving full play to the medical endowment of TCM and improving the efficiency of medical resource allocation. Based on the BBC model in the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) framework, a horizontal assessment of the static characteristics of resource allocation efficiency is conducted, and the Malmquist index model is used to measure the longitudinal dynamic evolution trend of efficiency. The research finds that the changes in the resource allocation efficiency of TCM medical and health institutions in China over the past decade can be divided into three stages: the adjustment and adaptation period from 2013 to 2015; the collaborative breakthrough period from 2016 to 2019; and the resilience reconstruction period from 2020 to 2022. Meanwhile, the overall level of resources in Chinese TCM medical and health institutions is relatively low, and there are significant regional differences among provinces. The resource allocation efficiency of TCM medical and health institutions in China is constrained by unbalanced regional development, insufficient industrial chain support, and is significantly affected by public health emergencies and structural