Modern botany in China originated during the Republic of China period, and the importance of medicinal plants was due to the introduction of Western academic systems and the promotion of various forces. Medicinal botanical gardens emerged in the 1930s, which was the result of the convergence of multiple factors. The establishment of a drug trial plant by Chen Guofu at Jiangsu Provincial Medical and Political College caused a sensation and sparked a craze for the construction of medicinal botanical gardens. After 1937, it continued to develop in the southwest, laying the initial foundation for contemporary Chinese medicine research. To investigate the drug trial planting site and its impact at Jiangsu Provincial College of Medical Administration, in order to understand the development trajectory of traditional Chinese medicine research during the Republic of China period.