Safeguarding farmers' right to health represents a shared value objective of both the "Rural Revitalization" and "Healthy China" strategic goals, and it is also central to institutional innovation in the allocation of rural medical and health resources. A correct interpretation of the composite nature of the right to health, along with an in-depth exploration of its positive impact on resource allocation based on its attributes as both a liberty right and a social right, provides the foundation for a comprehensive examination of the shortcomings in the normative system and allocation mechanisms. Particular attention is paid to the lack of farmer participation initiative and corresponding mechanisms. Starting from the imperative to protect farmers' right to health, it is essential to first clarify, Jurisprudentially, that the government's responsibility to guarantee this right constitutes an administrative benefit. The legal relationship involved is one of administrative law. This clarification allows for the precise positioning of the normative system and allocation mechanisms for rural medical resources, as well as for the enhancement and strengthening of farmers' awareness and mechanisms for autonomous participation. The ultimate aim is to achieve the rule-of-law development goal of fair and effective allocation of rural medical and health resources.