This study evaluated the quality, understandability, actionability, and readability of hospital oral health education materials, with the aim of providing evidence-based writing suggestions for regulators and providers and further improving the health information conveyed to better meet the needs of target readers. A total of 161 printable oral health education materials were collected from multiple hospitals in Hefei, China. DISCERN, the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Printable Materials (PEMAT-P), and a Chinese readability formula were used to assess overall quality, understandability, actionability, and readability, and differences between public and private hospitals were compared. Based on mean scores, the overall quality of hospital oral health education materials was moderate; the language difficulty corresponded to approximately the first year of junior high school; and the mean understandability and actionability scores were both below the recommended threshold. Compared across hospital types, materials from private hospitals scored slightly higher overall and demonstrated better readability and user orientation, whereas materials from public hospitals performed better in terms of objectivity and balance of information content.