With the rapid development of digital technology, digital inclusion issues among the elderly have become increasingly prominent. Based on data from the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS 2023), this study employs Latent Class Analysis (LCA) to classify types of digital inclusion barriers among the elderly and uses multinomial logistic regression to analyze the influencing factors of different barrier types. The findings reveal that digital inclusion barriers among the elderly can be classified into four types: comprehensive barriers (23.5%), privacy concerns (19.3%), audiovisual barriers (26.2%), and skill deficiency (31.0%). Overall, the digital inclusion barriers among the elderly not only reflect the heterogeneous characteristics within the group, but also profoundly demonstrate the structural disparities of the digital divide across urban-rural, regional, and educational dimensions, providing empirical reference for formulating precise and differentiated digital inclusion policies.