The “one-stop” student community in medical universities serves as a crucial cultural and educational field outside the classroom for implementing the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education and cultivating the medical humanistic spirit. Based on Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory framework, the study analyzes the practical dilemmas currently confronting cultural education within “one-stop” student communities from three dimensions of field, capital, and habitus: insufficient field construction leading to the weakened participation of educational subjects; shallow capital integration resulting in the inadequate consolidation of educational resources; and the absence of habitus cultivation causing a blunted value-guiding role in cultural education. In response, targeted measures should be implemented to promote field integration, consolidate diverse capital, and reconstruct scientific habitus, with the aim of providing theoretical references and practical guidance for the high-quality development of “one-stop” student communities in medical universities.