The tiered diagnosis and treatment system plays a vital role in guiding residents to seek medical care in an orderly manner and achieving the effective allocation of medical resources. Jinzhai County has advanced the construction of a hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system through a series of measures, including strengthening Party leadership over medical reform, effectively implementing the referral system, building a new integrated medical-preventive framework, enhancing grassroots workforce support and training, increasing financial support and incentives, and accelerating the informatization construction of the medical service network. These practices in Jinzhai County are exemplary and offer valuable insights for other counties. To address existing challenges in the implementation of the tiered diagnosis and treatment system, improvements should focus on the following areas: clearly defining the functional roles of medical institutions at all levels, refining coordination mechanisms between tertiary hospitals and county-level hospitals, enhancing the service capacity of primary care facilities, leveraging the guiding role of health insurance, expanding the scope of health services, and strengthening public communication and guidance.