Medical assistance system is an important part of the multi-level medical security system, and it is also an important institutional arrangement to promote fairness and justice. As the representatives of four typical medical insurance models ( Beveridge model, Bismarck model, market insurance model and mixed model ), six developed countries, namely Britain, Japan, Germany, the United States, Singapore and Australia, have developed their rescue systems more mature and perfect.By systematically combing the current situation of medical assistance system arrangement in Britain, Japan, Germany, the United States, Singapore and Australia, compared with China's medical assistance system. This paper finds out the problems that need to be solved and improved in China's medical assistance system, and draws lessons from international experience, puts forward relevant suggestions such as improving the construction of laws and regulations, expanding financing channels, giving full play to the function of central top-level design, improving the accurate identification of relief objects and optimizing the ladder burden reduction mechanism of insurance before assistance, so as to promote China to achieve universal health coverage.