Abstract: Based on Social Information Processing Theory, this study employed a convenience sampling method to survey 469 nurses from tertiary Grade A hospitals in Anhui Province between January and April 2025. A total of 431 valid questionnaires were obtained. Correlation analysis and structural equation modeling were performed to examine the relationships among perceived doctor-patient relationship, authentic leadership, organizational climate, and job satisfaction, as well as the mediating role of organizational climate. The results showed that perceived doctor-patient relationship, authentic leadership, and organizational climate were all positively associated with nurses’ job satisfaction. The direct effects of perceived doctor-patient relationship, authentic leadership, and organizational climate on nurses’ job satisfaction were 0.425, 0.299, and 0.246, respectively. Organizational climate mediated the relationships of perceived doctor-patient relationship and authentic leadership with nurses’ job satisfaction, with the mediation effects accounting for 7.2% and 26.7% of the corresponding total effects, respectively. These findings suggest that optimizing doctor-patient relationships, enhancing authentic leadership among nursing managers, and cultivating a positive organizational climate may serve as important management approaches to improving nurses’ job satisfaction and provide practical implications for hospital nursing management.