To systematically define "high-quality development of public hospitals" using Rodgers'' evolutionary concept analysis, clarifying its conceptual connotations, core attributes, and theoretical framework. A systematic analysis of the 56 included articles was conducted by strictly following Rodgers & Knafl''s six concept analysis activities—identifying the concept and alternative terms, selecting samples, collecting attributes and contextual data, analyzing concept characteristics, identifying assumptions and implications, and presenting a case study.Five core attributes, three antecedent pathways, and five types of outcomes of "high-quality development of public hospitals" were identified, with typical cases used to comprehensively illustrate how these core attributes are specifically manifested in practice. High-quality development of public hospitals is an evolutionary, multi-dimensional composite concept representing an institutional transformation centered on people''s health, rooted in public welfare, and driven by innovation. This study provides a conceptual foundation for subsequent theory construction and empirical research.