Based on the requirements for the construction of the first-level discipline of the history and party building of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in medical colleges and universities, this study analyzes the opportunities and challenges faced in the construction of characteristic courses for graduate students in this field. It provides theoretical guidance and practical references for medical colleges and universities to apply for the establishment of this first-level discipline and to develop characteristic courses for graduate students. Firstly, through policy analysis and comparative analysis, the core principles that need to be grasped in the construction of characteristic courses for graduate students in the history and party building of the CPC in medical colleges and universities are clarified. Secondly, through empirical analysis, the key and difficult points in the construction of characteristic courses for graduate students in the history and party building of the CPC in medical colleges and universities are analyzed. Furthermore, this study proposes an original teaching approach involving the full participation of both instructors and students, as well as a "project team-based" approach to faculty team building. The study points out that in the future, medical colleges and universities should rely on advantageous disciplines such as medicine, and focus on the construction of characteristic courses for graduate students in the history and party building of the CPC in the medical and health field, in order to build a more distinctive brand of characteristic education.