Medical research items have some characteristics such as large investment,long research period,high failure rate and many experimental links,and the results of medical research are often uncertain and unpredictable. So it is necessary to adopt risk management for the research items to avoiding risks in the process. The authors analysed the reasons of risks of medical research items,put forward the systematic strategy,including designing risk management process based on the process of medical research items,showing different characteristics and major tasks of risk management in the periods of item establishment,implementation and conclusion,then provided the academic reference for scientific methods of risk management of medical research items in China.