Objective:To learn about the knowledge status of AIDS and its influence factors among residents in parts of China,and to provide evidence to the prevention and control. Methods:Multi-stage sampling method was used to indentify the research objects,the information was obtained through questionnaires,then chi-squaretest and Logistic regression were used to get the differences on the knowledge status on AIDS and its influence factors. Results:In this survey,a total of 4 372 valid questionnaires(2 291 family households)were taken back,and the respondents aged mainly concentrated in 33 to 44 years. About 34.13% of the respondents knew the AIDS window period,57.72% could distinguish patients with HIV and AIDS. The awareness rates of sexual transmission route and the blood-borne transmission route were relatively high,which were 93.12% an 89.84% respectively,and the awareness rate of non-transmission route was low. The differences between the above were statistically significant. The factors influencing the knowledge on AIDS were:different provinces,migrant people,degree of education and watching TV frequently. Conclusion:The respondents lack of basic knowledge on AIDS and have little knowledge on the awareness and preventive measures. There are some differences in basic knowledge of AIDS between different provinces in China.