Objective:To explore the differences of personality of single-parent freshmen with different family income. Methods: A cluster sampling method was conducted in 12 448 freshmen in recent four years, and they were assessed by the Cattell’s sixteen personality factor guestionnaire(16PF), the general demographic variables questionnaire, and the self-made family income questionnaire. Results: Compared with the freshmen from ordinary families, the single-parent freshmen have lower scores in the factors of perseverance, sophistication, experimental, timidity and resolution, and the comprehensive personality in the aspects of emotionalism and rationalism, professional achievement motivation and adaptability to new environment. Significant differences are indicated among the single-parent freshmen with different family income in the aspects of perseverance, vigilance, apprehension, tension, adaptation and anxiety, professional achievement motivation and adaptability to new environment, and among these factors, interaction exists between Apprehension and adaptation and anxiety, and adaptability to new environment. Conclusion: Single-parent freshmen demonstrate low efficacy in social personalities. Compared with the students from the poor and ordinary families, the single-parent freshmen from rich families show low performance in the aspects of perseverance, adaptation, professional achievement motivation, adaptability to new environment but high in apprehension.