Objective:To improve the effectiveness of new rural co-operative medical system and to provide evidence for medical management by understanding the patients’disease constitution of new rural co-operative medical system in Dongtai city in 2013. Methods:Classified and summaried the patients’disease of new rural co-operative medical system in Dongtai city according to the international standard of diseases (ICD-10),then compared and analyzed the top five diseases by gender and age group. Results:The total patients of new rural co-operative medical system in a year were 84 958, circulatory system disease, respiratory disease, digestive system diseases and injury,poisoning and other consequences were major diseases of the city. Conclusion:To improve the effective implementation of the new rural co-operative medical system,we should strengthen the medical service and hospital management, improve the level of hospital medical diagnosis, treatment and service.