Objective:To provide suggestions for improving basic medical insurance for urban resident and explore the assessments of college students on the medical insurance. Methods:In 2014, 2 233 students in Nanjing were investigated by the multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method and a questionnaire survey was conducted among students. Descriptive analysis and chi-square test were mainly performend to analyze the data. Results: The assessment of college students on medical insurance was about 34.2%. The chi-square test revealed that these factors were statistically significant: with or without medical background (χ2=17.930, P < 0.01),city or village (χ2=7.409, P < 0.05), grade (χ2= 44.626, P < 0.01), feel sick or not in the recent four weeks (χ2=11.257, P < 0.01), evaluation on the function of insurance (χ2=209.641, P < 0.01), submit an expense account or not (χ2=113.408, P < 0.01). Conclusion:College students think poorly of basic insurance for urban residents because of their major,city or village, grade, and the narrow benefit area, the welfare in the low degree, and lack of the insurance knowledge. As a result, suggestions are put forward to improve the assessment of students on the medical insurance that we can expand the benefit area, raise the level of medical care and increase the propaganda.