Objective: To understand the status and utilization of health service demand of rural residents in Jiangsu Province, and to provide suggestions for further improvement of health service of rural policy. Methods: Based on data of “World Bank loan / UK grant China rural health development Project” from six counties in Jiangsu Province, by using SPSS and descriptive analysis and classification of two logistic regression analyses, we analyzed the current situation and utilization of health service demand of rural residents. Results: Two week prevalence rate was 27.2%, the prevalence of the number of the top ten diseases, five of them are chronic diseases. Two week visiting rate was 25.2%, 83.4% of sick residents first seek help in basic medical and health institutions, 89.7% of the patients were satisfied with overall treatment. Conclusion: Health service demand of rural residents of large amount of treatment, uniform distribution of medical institutions, and patients’ satisfaction was high. But the prevalence rate of chronic diseases was higher, the government should strengthen the management to prevention of chronic disease prevalence rate rise, at the same time, care for vulnerable groups, to promote medical justice and the construction of a harmonious society.