Objective: To study basic situation of medical disputes, analyze the causes and influences, explore the countermeasures of defusing medical disputes, and provide decision- making references for the construction of harmonious doctor- patient relationship. Methods: Based on the questionnaire survey, we collected information about medical disputes of tertiary hospitals and part of county level comprehensive hospitals in a province from 2011 to 2013 for statistic analysis. Results: The number of medical disputes and compensation was increased and incidence of medical was decreased year by year. The government was insufficient on health investment, and the allocation of resources was unreasonable. The non- medical technical fault became the main cause of medical dispute and “medical trouble” was frequent. The situation of doctor harmed and money wasted should not be underestimated. Doctor- patient consultation was still the main treatment way, but interference factors increase the difficulty of the fair treatment. Conclusion: Government should accelerate the exploration of classified medical system, insist the supremacy of the needs of patients. Medical liability insurance system must be implemented, and professional regulations ought to be issued to prevent malignant medical trouble events.