Human genetic resources are important strategic resources and valuable social wealth，especially in the biological industry. China has abundant human genetic resources，but in the research of genetic resources，it has been at a disadvantage due to its technology and capital limitation. At the same time，the developed countries are free to obtain human genetic resources and conduct technical monopoly，resulting in a serious imbalance of interest distribution. In order to promote fairness，justice and balance of interests，we need to build the benefit sharing mechanism of human genetic resources，and make clear the implementation principle and specific type of benefit sharing in legislation.