Objective：To grasp the international practical experience of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment, and provide reference to the development of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment throughout the country. Methods: Based on extensive literature research, the policies and measures of the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment in China and abroad were summarized. Results: The main measures to implement the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment in China were putting chronic diseases as breakthrough, structuring medical union progressing the sinking of fine medical resources and developing “family doctors as the gatekeepers of health” system. There existed obstacles to promote hierarchical diagnosis and treatment as the weakness in services capacity and willingness of primary-level health, poor compliance of the first contact care at community health service among community residents, and lack of impetus to referral. The experiences of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment at abroad were mainly a sensible regional health planning, the compulsory restraints on doctors-patients referral behavior, great capacity in primary-level health services, general practitioners’ grasp of health insurance fund and specialists resources, and “double-track system” associated with outpatient and inpatient service. Conclusion: Considering current situation in China and implementation experience at abroad, actions as enhance the ability of primary health care services, adjust medical insurance compensation policy and enhance leverage and patients’ hospital bed days in major hospitals can be taken to realize the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment in our country.