Objective： To evaluate data envelopment analysis （DEA） the efficiency of tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu Province, and put forward scientific suggestions for the planning and development of tertiary hospitals in the province. Methods: DEA in the tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu was used to calculate the efficiency and scale of income, analyze the projection values of the non?effective decision making units, and compare the differences in efficiency of different types of tertiary hospitals. Tobit regression was applied to analyze the influencing factors. Results: The numbers of the total effective hospitals was 19 of the 60 tertiary hospitals. The percentage was 31.67%. Among them, there were 15 total effective hospitals in southern Jiangsu with the effective rate of 35.7%. The number of effective hospitals in middle Jiangsu was 2, with the effective rate of 20.0%. The number of effective hospitals in north Jiangsu was 2, with effective rate of 25.0%. Conclusion: The efficiency of tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu Province was not high. Most of the hospitals were in the scale effect of decreasing state. It is necessary to adjust the hospital’s operation efficiency according to the DEA results and the functions undertaken by the hospital itself.