This study aimed to investigate the two?childbirth expectation for the married and child?bearing age women in Nanchong City under the universal two?child policy, in order to provide reference for the population studies in Nanchong City. The married and child?bearing age women in the city of Nanchong were selected by the convenience sampling, self?designed and anonymous questionnaire and face?to?face interview were used to collect data. Among the 213 interviewed subjects, a total of 56 women (26.3%) clearly wanted a second child, 140 (65.7%) had no intention of bearing a second kid. While 17 (8.0%) were temporarily unsure whether they want a second kid or not. Mean of ideal children number among investigated subjects was 1.46, while mean of willing children number was 1.27. There were significant differences (P<0.05) on the willingness of having a second child among objects with different education level (χ2=7.512), monthly income of spouse (χ2=12.641), ideal number of children (χ2=66.401) and gender of first child (χ2=5.441). Results of logistic regression showed that women whose first child was a girl (OR=2.641, P=0.021), whose spouse had high income (OR=1.761, P=0.028), and whose ideal children number was more than one (OR=29.040, P<0.001) were more willing to have second child. The two?childbirth expectation of the married and child?bearing age women in the urban area of Nanchong City is at a low level. Economic income, ideal number of children and the gender of first child have an effect on the two?childbirth expectation for the objects. Universal two?child policy has limited effect on promoting objects to have second child. Suitable policies should be established to promote the implementation of universal two?child policy.