This study sought to use EQ?5D to measure the health status of urban and rural residents under different income. Rates of problems in EQ?5D five dimensions increased with the decrease of income, pain/discomfort was a major problem. No matter urban or rural residents, low?income residents had higher rates of problems in EQ?5D five dimensions. The female met more health problems than the male at the same income?level. The healthy behavior became worse with the decrease of income and rural residents had worse health behaviors than the urban. Family income had a significant impact on people’s health. Low?income residents met more health problems. More attention should be paid on women. The government should improve health security system and strengthen medical assistance policy to improve health equity.