There were a large number of prostitutes in the period of the Republic of China, in Chengdu. Many prostitutes suffered from a venereal disease and spread these diseases, the venereal disease became a very serious social problem. Neosalvarsan was considered as the most cost?effective solution because of its effectiveness and convenience. Venereal disease and neosalvarsan constructed the general cognitive about the prostitutes’ life. At the same time, the prostitutes’ life was considered to be “beautiful” and “smart” because of some symbols, such as cosmetics, cosmetic medicine, fashionable dress, and so on. The disease and beauty just were some historical fragments, but, they played a vital role in reconstructing the global history.