This study aimed to understand the status of basic public health ability of grassroots health institutions, and analyze the factors affecting their ability. The health workers of 37 township health centers and community health service centers in 15 counties (districts) of 3 provinces (cities) were selected to conduct questionnaire surveys on the service capabilities of 12 basic public health service projects. The basic public health service capacity of grassroots health workers had a total score of 63.44 points. In the service items, health records management, hypertension patient management, and elderly health management scored higher. Supervised co?management, Chinese medicine health management, and maternal health management scored relatively low. Male, young, and grassroots health workers with higher qualifications scored higher. Basic public health service project capacity of grassroots health workers are weak and personnel training in health supervision and management, Chinese medicine health management and other projects should be strengthened to improve the treatment of personnel and stabilize the talent team.