This study aims to explore the factors affecting patient safety and adopt corresponding intervention measures， so as to avoid mistakes in the medical process and ensure the safety of patients， which is essential for reducing the burden on the medical system and promoting the harmonious relationship between doctors and patients. The theoretical domains framework（TDF） integrates a variety of behavior change theories， which provides a systematic theoretical basis to explore factors that threaten patient safety and formulate effective interventions. This paper reviews and combs the research on TDF and patient safety， summarizes the factors influencing patient safety under TDF， and makes some suggestions for the formulation of corresponding intervention measures.