Under the background of the new round of health?care reform， this study was aimed to compare and analyze the utilization of health services and medical expenses per capita in different levels of hospitals， and to propose policy recommendations for improving the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system and reducing the burden of medical care. Relevant data of service volume and medical expenses per capita of hospitals at all levels in China since 2010 were selected， and descriptive analysis methods were used to compare the changing trends of service utilization and medical expenses per capita. At present， the utilization of medical services in China has greatly increased in both outpatient and inpatient services. However， the medical demand of residents has been excessively concentrated in tertiary hospitals， which reduces the overall utilization of hospital medical services， and medical expenses per capita have increased rapidly， which increases the economic burden of residents for medical treatment. In order to solve the problem of “difficult and expensive medical treatment”， it is recommended to quickly strengthen the outpatient service capabilities of hospitals below the secondary level， innovate mechanisms and measures to guide the rational flow of inpatient services， and explore refined fee control models on the premise of ensuring the quality of medical services.