This article took senile dementia patients and their caregivers as the research object， and conducted a questionnaire survey to explore the factors affecting care burden. The results showed that:①the total average score of caregiver burden inventory（CBI）was 44.33 ± 20.13， the average score of each factor was 5.80~20.13， and the highest score was emotional burden. ②In univariate analysis， patients’ basic disease types， religious beliefs， living expenses， medical expenses， age and course of disease， caregivers’ religious beliefs， their own basic disease status， whether they were discriminated against， the medical expense pressure and the family monthly income were the factors affecting the care burden（P<0.05）. ③ The results of multivariate analysis showed that the main factors causing care burden were the discrimination of caregivers， the basic diseases of caregivers， the high medical expenses of patients， and patients’ religious beliefs. The main burden of caregivers was emotional burden. The disease course of patients was positively correlated with care burden， and care burden would also affect the health status of caregivers. The increase of patients’ medical expenses was an important factor affecting the score of care burden.