Risk identification and early warning of public health emergencies are the key procedures to prevent and resolve major hidden danger. The collaborative governance theory has been increasingly applied to emergency management of sudden crisis. This study took the practice of early warning and emergency management of COVID?19 as an example and analyzed the possible causes. Based on the theory of collaborative governance， a long?term mechanism for improving the early warning ability of public health emergencies is constructed， which is led by the government， supported by elements such as rule of law guarantee， information sharing， network cooperation， emergency training and territorial joint responsibility， and focuses on the participation of all social parties.