In order to understand the current status and existing problems of data collection in primary health institutions， this study used a combination of qualitative interviews and questionnaire surveys to investigate the data collection work of 18 primary health institutions in the eastern， central， and western sample provinces of China. Summary and descriptive statistical analysis of the information and data were conducted. The results showed that the task of filling in reports in the sample areas was heavy， and the proportion of basic public health and women’s and children’s reports were generally higher. About 20% of the reports were not filled out， and the frequency of data reporting was mostly monthly. The reporting methods are mostly uploading the electronic version or filling out the online system reports. But paper reports accounted for a large proportion in the sample areas of Jiangsu and Shaanxi. There were many information systems， and the levels of connectivity of the information systems in the central and western regions were relatively low. It is recommended to reduce the repetitive reporting rate and reduce the burden on primary health institutions， strengthen reporting management to improve standardization and data quality， enhance unified and standardized information construction to improve data collection efficiency， and improve interconnection levels to optimize data sharing channels.