Objective：To study the effect of functional deletion of quinoline phosphoribosyltransferase(QPRT)gene on fetal kidney development. Methods：The expression of QPRT in fetal mouse kidney tissue was located by immunohistochemistry. The QPRT gene- deficient mouse model was constructed，and the serum of QPRT ^+/+(WT)and QPRT^-/-(KO)mice were collected for renal function detection. The body weight，kidney weight and kidney coefficient of KO and WT mice were calculated by weighing method，and the histopathological changes of kidney of mice and their offspring were observed by HE staining. Results：QPRT was strongly expressed in developing ureteral buds in fetal mouse kidney at 13 days of gestation. The kidney coefficient(kidney weight/body weight)of QPRT^-/- mice was significantly lower than that of wild-type mice，and the levels of urea nitrogen，serum creatinine and uric acid of QPRT^-/- mice were higher than those of wild-type mice(P ＜ 0.05). HE staining of kidney tissue showed cellular cystic dilatation in renal parenchyma of QPRT^-/- offspring mice，QPRT^+/- mice showed focal loose edema of renal cortex and interstitium；QPRT^+/+ mice showed no obvious histopathological changes in the kidneys. Conclusion：The loss of QPRT gene function may affect fetal kidney development.