For the past few years,a unique type of adipose tissue,surrounding our cardiovascular system but cerebrovascular, known as perivascular adipose tissue(PVAT),has been seen as a new kind of adipose tissue different from the classic visceral fat due to its unusual anatomic location and function. PVAT exerts a bidirectional effect on the cardiovascular system,including the protectional role under physiological state and the deleterious influence under pathological state,through the release of vasoconstrictive/ relaxant adipokine in a paracrine/endocrine manner,the induction of inflammation and phenotypic transformation of adipocytes. PVAT also shows a potential role in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease(CVD)as a new parameter and intervention. In this review,we will discuss the characteristics of PVAT to distinguish from classic adipose tissue and its effect on CVD under physiology/ pathology conditions,also,its application in CVD diagnosis and treatment.
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