Interstitial lung disease（ILD）patients have a higher incidence of lung cancer. Patients with lung cancer combined with ILD have a shorter survival period，higher mortality rate and great treatment difficulty. ILD and lung cancer share common risk factors and similar pathogenesis. Treatment of lung cancer often causes ILD and acute exacerbation of ILD. Various agents targeting common pathogenic mechanisms of lung cancer and ILD have been demonstrated to be promising therapeutic drug in the treatmeat of lung cance combined with ILD. This article provides a comprehensive review of the pathogenesis，treatment risks，and treatment advances in ILD conlined with lung cancer，aiming to improve the diagnosis and treatment of this disease for clinical physicians.