Mitochondria are an indispensable component of multicellular life. They undergo morphological changes and spatial rearrangement to meet the needs of cells and maintain energy balance through fusion and fission，a process called mitochondrial dynamics. A large number of studies have shown that mitochondria participate in a variety of cell biological processes such as apoptosis，cell proliferation，cell migration，and energy metabolism through fusion and fission. In recent years，respiratory diseases have become a major global health problem. Recent studies have found that mitochondrial dynamics disorder plays an important role in the formation of many respiratory diseases. The study of mitochondrial dynamics disorders provides a new perspective for the formation mechanism of respiratory diseases.