Cervical cancer，the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide，is more significant and prevalent，especially in low - and middle - income countries. Its occurrence is closely related to human papillomavirus（HPV）infection. Through in - depth analysis and synthesis of related literature，this review indicates that the methylation status of the paired box 1（PAX1）gene can be used as an important marker for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer. Compared with traditional methods，PAX1 methylation status demonstrated more excellent specificity and sensitivity，providing new possibilities for the early detection of cervical cancer. Meanwhile，it was also found that the methylation status of PAX1 gene can also be used to assess the prognosis of cervical cancer after treatment. In the pathogenesis of cervical cancer，hypermethylation of the promoter region of the PAX1 gene leads to a significant downregulation of its expression，which not only weakens the physiological function of PAX1，but also interferes with the normal regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. In addition，the combination of PAX1 gene methylation and other biomarkers can significantly improve the accuracy and sensitivity of cervical cancer screening. Although the current research on PAX1 methylation is constrained by factors such as small clinical sample size and short research period，it has shown an important role and wide application potential in the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer. With the continuous development of technology and in - depth research，PAX1 methylation is expected to become an important tool for early screening and personalized treatment of cervical cancer.