Immune checkpoint inhibitors have been widely used in cancer treatment. Although they are generally better tolerated than chemotherapy，they can cause immune - related adverse events. Among these，immune checkpoint inhibitor - related pneumonitis （CIP）has a relatively high mortality rate，with limited evidence from evidence-based medicine and limited experience in diagnosis and treatment. This article reviews the therapeutic advancements in CIP based on domestic and international guidelines，expert consensus， and relevant studies，with particular focus on the treatment progress of steroid-refractory CIP.