Persistent high-risk human papilloma virus（HPV）infection is the main cause of cervical lesions. Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequent malignancy among women globally，posing a severe threat to women’s health and lives. Intestinal flora can have anti - tumor effects through immunomodulation，inflammatory response，and metabolite synthesis，according to numerous research conducted in recent years. Research on the relationship between intestinal flora and cervical cancer has revealed notable variations in the diversity and composition of intestinal flora between patients with the disease and healthy controls. These findings have also raised the possibility that certain intestinal flora may serve as biomarkers for cervical cancer prevention and early detection. Furthermore， through the estrogen-mediated“gut-vaginal axis”，intestinal flora can interact with the vaginal microbiome，thereby affecting vaginal microecology，HPV infection，and cervical lesions. However，existing studies are mainly based on cross-sectional analyses with small sample sizes and a lack of longitudinal studies and experimental evidence. More thorough research is still required to elucidate the precise linkages and mechanisms of action. The article reviews the research progress on the relationship between intestinal flora and HPV infection and cervical lesions by summarizing the existing research results.